Pohlia robertsonii is newly described from central California. Plants with polysetous sporophytes immediately separate this species from all other members of the genus Pohlia in North America. Pohlia robertsonii is further characterized by firm, but not thickened leaf cells, paroicous inflorescences, long, narrowly cylindric capsules, and irregular peristomes in which the endostome segments equal or exceed the exostome teeth, and lack cilia. The peristomial formula is 4:2:2–4. Pohlia rabunbaldensis is described from the southern Appalachian Mountains of Georgia and North Carolina. The slender gametophytes bear single bud-like gemmae in upper leaf axils. The dull leaves that are somewhat shriveled on drying resemble those of P. annotina, but the large single gemmae with flexuose, broadly laminate leaf primordia resemble those of P. drummondii. The conspicuously decurrent leaves distinguish P. rabunbaldensis from both previously known species.